Now, the European Union faces calls to loosen its budget rules to allow the largesse to continue, but the topic is a sensitive one for many member states.

The European Commission, the EU executive that oversees the budgets of 27 nations, is doing its utmost to prevent a political fistfight that could spill into this month's election campaign in Germany.

EU finance ministers are meeting on Friday and Saturday and will gingerly broach the topic at talks at the scenic Brdo Castle in Slovenia.

"We will have to find different rules, a different return to budgetary balance," French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire as he arrived for the talks.

At the heart of the issue is the EU's stability and growth pact, a set of rules on budget spending that ties member states — at least on paper — to public debt of just 60 percent of gross domestic product. Yearly deficits must stay below three percent.

But the threshold has been breached by many countries and some member states asked the commission to propose ways to bring the rules closer to reality even before the pandemic.

Big debt

In the 19 states that use the euro single currency, the average debt is expected to reach 102 percent of GDP at the end of the year.

Most alarmingly, France and Belgium have deepened their membership to the heavy-debt club with debt mountains expected to rise to 120 percent of GDP.

This nears the eye-watering levels seen in Greece (200 percent) and Italy (160 percent).

But a strict application of the budgetary pact would lead to a brutal reduction in public investment for these countries, with the risk of plunging the whole of Europe back into recession and rekindling the dark days of the eurozone debt crisis.

Doing away outright with the 60 percent rule is all but impossible, but what ministers will begin to discuss is the possibility of easing up on how aggressively a government must cut spending to pare down the debt pile.

This can be politically explosive. In most countries, the biggest spending is on social programs with pensions blowing the biggest hole in the budget. Cutting down on debt means biting into voters' retirements.

But richer countries, led by Germany, believe it is time for their partners to scale back welfare programs that date back to the post World War II era.

'Happening now'

The arguments were put aside during the pandemic, when budget rules were suspended so countries could spend their way out of a looming catastrophe.

But now the bloc is returning to growth, reigniting the debate.

As a possible compromise, some are angling towards excluding investments in Europe's green transition from the calculations or seeking to carve out pandemic-linked spending from other debts.

This more lenient and progrowth approach is supported by Economics Affairs Commissioner Paolo Gentiloni, with the backing of the European Central Bank, France and more indebted southern countries.

"We should consider this as a new response to what is happening now. And what is happening now is that we have behind us the pandemic and ahead of us the climate transition," Gentiloni said.

In the opposite camp are the so-called "frugals", such as the Netherlands and Austria that want a swift return to the budget rules.

"Sound public finances are a central pillar of the EU-membership and a foundation for the economic and monetary union," the countries, that also include Finland and Slovakia, wrote in a position paper.

Some hope to take the heat out of the battle. Compared to the eurozone debt crisis, which nearly torpedoed the single currency, the EU displayed more solidarity in the pandemic, with its 750 billion euros (US$888.56 million) recovery plan financed by a common debt.

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