For the US, the NDS is a wakeup call that the post-Cold War holiday from history is over. For the Indo-Pacific region, where most of the simmering tension between the great powers stems from unresolved disputes at sea, the NDS signals a future increase in the US naval presence along the Indo-Pacific sea lanes.

In the 2017 National Security Strategy (NSS), the preceding document released by the White House, the Indo-Pacific region covers the west coast of India to the western shores of the US. As the juncture between the Indian and Pacific oceans, ASEAN is positioned right in the middle of this great-power rivalry.

With the plan for a US Navy aircraft carrier to visit Vietnam and proposal to strengthen maritime security cooperation with Indonesia in the North Natuna Sea, the US has wasted no time in validating this signal. As the US intensifies its influence in the Indo-Pacific region, an immediate reaction from other great powers in the region should be expected.

With the potential flashpoints along the Indo-Pacific region, this competition might spiral into an armed conflict involving the great powers. As the only regional architecture in the Indo-Pacific region, ASEAN needs to harmonize this 21st century great-power competition. But it can only do so by revisiting its founding principles.

ASEAN’s credibility comes from its ability to engage all great powers as well as other countries in the region. These countries’ active participation mainly comes from the confidence of these countries in ASEAN’s mechanism and its guiding principles, especially in neutrality and non-interference.

While often being blamed for ASEAN’s cautious response, these principles assure all countries that the ASEAN mechanism is not about finding attributions but to peacefully reach a balance of interests between opposing parties.

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