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Jakarta Post

El Niño percepat cairnya gletser satu-satunya di Indonesia

A. Muh. Ibnu Aqil (The Jakarta Post)
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Jakarta
Thu, August 24, 2023

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El Niño percepat cairnya gletser satu-satunya di Indonesia The glaciers of the Puncak Jaya summit in Papua’s central highlands are pictured on July 2, 2010. (AFP/David Christenson/Papua Project Freeport McMoran)
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M

eningkatnya suhu global menyebabkan gunung es di Puncak Jaya, satu-satunya gletser di Indonesia, cair lebih cepat. Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) mengumumkan hal tersebut pada Selasa (22 Agustus), dalam seminar bertajuk Salju Abadi Menjelang Kepunahan. BMKG juga menyebut bahwa El Niño tahun ini berkontribusi terhadap percepatan pencairan.

Puncak Jaya di pegunungan Jayawijaya, Papua, merupakan pegunungan dengan beberapa gletser, merupakan salah satu dari sedikit gletser di garis lintang tropis dunia.

Pada tahun 2010, menurut data BMKG, kedalaman gletser Puncak Jaya mencapai 32 meter. Namun, antara 2010 dan 2015, gunung es mencair dengan kecepatan rata-rata 1 meter per tahun.

“Saat terjadi fenomena El Niño kuat pada 2015 dan 2016, pencairan bahkan mencapai 5 meter per tahun,” kata Kepala BMKG Dwikorita Karnawati. Fenomena alam El Niño cenderung membawa udara semakin panas dan kering di wilayah kepulauan Indonesia serta memperpanjang musim kemarau.

Secara berkala, BMKG mengambil sampel inti es dari gletser Puncak Jaya. Pengambilan dilakukan bersama peneliti dari Ohio State University, dengan dukungan perusahaan pertambangan PT Freeport Indonesia.

Pada periode 2016 hingga 2022, rata-rata laju pencairan tahunan meningkat menjadi 2,5 meter. Tahun lalu, para peneliti menemukan bahwa gletser telah menyusut menjadi 0,23 kilometer persegi atau setara 32 kali luas lapangan bola. Menurut peneliti BMKG Donaldi Sukma Permana, kedalaman gletser rata-rata 8 meter.

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“Kami perkirakan bahwa gunung es dapat bertahan hingga tahun 2026,” kata Donaldi. “Tetapi harus kita waspadi juga El Niño tahun ini, karena dapat mempercepat pencairan, seperti yang terjadi pada tahun 2015 dan 2016.”

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