More than half of the country's nearly 1,600 infections are linked to Shincheonji followers.

 'Temple of God' 

Shincheonji -- in full the Shincheonji Church of Jesus, the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony -- was founded in 1984 by Lee Man-hee, now 88. 

Often condemned as a cult, it describes itself on its website as "the one and only kingdom and temple of God on this earth", pledging to yield to the will of Jesus "by sacrificing our bodies like a candle".

Shincheonji proclaims Lee has donned the mantle of Jesus Christ and will take 144,000 people with him to heaven on the day of judgement. 

But with more church members than available places in heaven, they are said to have to compete for slots and pursue converts.

It seeks recruits surreptitiously by dispatching its members to mainstream Protestant congregations to try to persuade their believers -- a tactic that has prompted many churches to issue warnings to keep them at bay.

South Korean health officials spray disinfectant in front of the Daegu branch of the Shincheonji Church of Jesus in the southeastern city of Daegu on February 21, 2020 as more than 80 members of Shincheonji have now been infected with the COVID-19 coronavirus. - South Korea confirmed 52 more cases of novel coronavirus on February 21 as the number of infections linked to a religious sect in Daegu spiked, making it the worst-infected country outside China. (AFP/Jung Yeon-je )

Patient 31 

At their own services Shincheonji members are forbidden to wear glasses, necklaces and earrings.

They sit close together on the floor without chairs and desks, praying extensively in what critics say creates an ideal environment to spread viral infections.

The outbreak among its followers began with Patient 31, a 61-year-old female member.

She developed a fever on February 10, but attended at least four church services in Daegu -- the country's fourth-largest city and the epicentre of the outbreak -- before being diagnosed.

 Global reach 

After days of mounting public anger, Shincheonji has handed over a list of 212,000 members to authorities to enable them to be checked for coronavirus symptoms.

But reports say it has previously boasted of more than 240,000 members, raising doubts over the accuracy of the roster.

Shincheonji has 12 branches in South Korea that it calls "the 12 Tribes", each named after one of Jesus' disciples.

It says on its website it has mission centres in 15 countries around the world, including China and the United States, and that hundreds of pastors have renounced their ordinations to join it.

This handout picture taken on February 19, 2020 by Daegu Metropolitan City Namgu shows South Korean health officials wearing protective suit and spraying disinfectant in front of the Daegu branch of the Shincheonji Church of Jesus in the southeastern city of Daegu as about 40 new cases of the COVID-19 coronavirus confirmed after they attended same church services. - A cluster of novel coronavirus infections centred on a cult church in the South Korean city of Daegu leaped to 39 cases February 20, as the country's total spiked for the second successive day. (AFP/Handout / Daegu Metropolitan City Namgu)

 Mass events 

Shincheonji has been so successful that it has been able to mobilise thousands of followers to hold mass displays at high-profile venues -- such as Seoul's Jamsil Olympic Stadium in 2012, home to the 1988 Games.

Hundreds of performers enacted biblical scenes and motifs on the pitch, while -- just like North Korea's Mass Games -- thousands turned the coloured pages of books in sequence, creating an ever-changing backdrop of giant images rippling across one side of the stadium.