Indonesia aims to achieve two main objectives in its road transport fuel policy: first, to protect people’s health by reducing emissions from vehicles, and second, to improve the fuel trade balance. The use of diesel fuel involves the intertwining of policy measures to achieve both objectives and, therefore, needs special attention. First, to protect people’s health, Indonesia is implementing the Euro IV equivalent emission standards for light- and heavy-duty vehicles, which will be applied to all diesel vehicles starting in April 2022 as regulated by an environment and forestry ministerial decree. These standards shall apply stricter limits to emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulates (PM) of new vehicles. In addition to vehicular emission standards, the new standards also apply to the use of fuel in general, including ...