An election had been due by September next year, and the ruling United Malays National Organisation's rush for early polls comes as some of its leaders face the prospect of long prison terms over graft charges.

Factions pressing Ismail to hold early elections support former premier Najib Razak and party president Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, both of whom were charged with corruption after UMNO lost power in the 2018 election. They say they are victims of a political vendetta.

Opposition politicians fear the election could become a vehicle for disgraced politicians like Najib - who was jailed in August - to find a way back into positions of influence, and undermine reforms aimed at fighting corruption.

In a televised speech, Ismail - Malaysia's third prime minister since the last election in 2018 - said the country's monarch had agreed to his request to dissolve parliament on Monday, and an election date would be announced by the election commission.

Polls must be held within 60 days of the dissolution of parliament. Voter turnout could be reduced if the chosen date falls during the year-end monsoon season.

A year-end change in government could also hamper the economy, which is still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic and has begun to feel the pinch of rising costs and a global slowdown.

Ismail, whose coalition had a thin majority in parliament, said he was calling for the election to end questions over the legitimacy of his government and return the mandate to the people.

"The people's mandate is a powerful antidote for the country to manifest political stability and create a strong, stable and respected government after the general election," Ismail said.

The election commission did not have an immediate comment.

Malaysia has been mired in political uncertainty since the last election in 2018 - a historic vote in which the opposition ousted UMNO, which had governed for more than 60 years since independence, due to widespread corruption allegations largely linked to the looting of state fund 1MDB.

But the winning coalition collapsed in two years due to a power struggle, returning UMNO to power in a new alliance along with other partners.

UMNO is trying to win back its dominant position by calling for early elections, having recently won state level elections.

Oh Ei Sun, a senior fellow with Singapore's Institute of International Affairs, said UMNO was the favorite to win as voters could rely on the party's patronage system to help them out during an economic slowdown.

"UMNO will emerge as the party with the largest number of lawmakers, although not necessarily an outright majority," said Oh.

Corruption fight 

With the dissolution of the parliament, Ismail, who came to power in August 2021, becomes the shortest serving prime minister in Malaysian history.

He was named as UMNO's prime minister candidate in April, though it was unclear if he still had that support.

Najib started a 12-year prison term in August, having been found guilty in the first of several cases related to 1MDB.

Ahmad Zahid is facing 47 graft charges, none of which are linked to 1MDB, in an ongoing trial. He has pleaded not guilty.

Zahid on Monday said UMNO "had been maligned by court cases leveled against its top leaders" and that the party would be stuck in an endless cycle of selective prosecution if it did not win big in the upcoming election, local media reported.

Opposition leaders have expressed fear that an UMNO win would roll back reforms implemented since 2018.

"[Zahid] wants to turn back the clock, to restore UMNO's one-party state and to delete the collective history and societal gains from the 2018 general election," opposition leader Liew Chin Tong said.