According to the Environment and Forestry Ministry, 64 million tons of waste is generated per year across the archipelago, of which 15 percent is plastic. About 60 percent of the waste generation is transported to the final disposal site (TPA) and 10 percent is recycled. The remaining 30 percent is dumped into the environment without control. The strategic step that Indonesia has taken is stipulated in Presidential Regulation No. 97/2017 on the national policy and strategy for the management of household and other kinds of waste. In achieving the target, the active role of the city/regency administrations is strongly demanded. The principle of managing waste known as reduce, reuse and recycle (3R) is crucial to slash the waste, with the target set at 30 percent in 2025. The 3R activities have been claimed to have adopted the circular economy (CE) approach. Next, the local adm...

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