The move has the potential to vastly expand the work of the so-called "supreme court" of Facebook, which up to now had been tasked with reviewing instances of whether content was improperly taken down from Facebook or Instagram.

The Oversight Board, set up by Facebook to deal with contentious questions of content moderation, began operating last year and issued its first rulings in January. The decisions, which can overrule Facebook management, are binding.

"Enabling users to appeal content they want to see removed from Facebook is a significant expansion of the Oversight Board's capabilities," said Thomas Hughes, director of the body's administration. 

"The board was created to ensure that fewer decisions about highly significant content issues be taken by Facebook alone, and that better decisions can be delivered through an independent and transparent process that works to safeguard human rights and freedom of expression. Today's announcement is another step towards realizing this."

The announcement comes with Facebook and other social platforms facing intense pressure to act on misinformation and abusive content, ranging from election-related hoaxes to unproven Covid-19 treatments.

Users who feel that harmful posts, photos, videos, comments and shares remain online will be able to appeal to the panel to have them removed.

As part of the new process, the panel will establish procedures including privacy protections for users seeking takedown requests.

"We expect everyone on Facebook and Instagram to be able to appeal content left up over the coming weeks," said Guy Rosen, head of integrity at Facebook.

"We're glad the Oversight Board is expanding their scope and impact, and look forward to their future decisions and recommendations."

Editorial board?

Emily Bell, director of the Columbia University Tow Center for Digital Journalism, said the change means "a very big escalation of the remit of the Oversight Board," and could move Facebook closer to transformation into a media company.

"This is what a news-driven media company does, and this is what Facebook is. (Facebook CEO Mark) Zuckerberg cannot do this himself, nor can his board of directors and senior executives," Bell said on Twitter.

Read also: ‘Post’ senior editor Endy Bayuni appointed to Facebook Oversight Board

"So the Oversight Board becomes in fact a default editorial board."

Jo Lukito, a professor with the University of Texas Center for Media Engagement, said it remained unclear if Facebook will be overwhelmed by a deluge of takedown requests.

"Facebook's Oversight Board lacks infrastructure to handle what will likely be a large influx of cases," Lukito said.

"Given Facebook's lack of transparency and consistency when dealing with various misinformation cases, it is unclear whether this expansion of the Oversight Board's purview would actually ensure misinformation is systematically removed from the social media platform."

An activist group which calls itself "The Real Facebook Oversight Board" said the new effort falls short.

"By empowering their Oversight Board to do their job for them, Facebook is washing its hands of the toughest decisions the company itself should be making," the group said in a statement. 

Members of Facebook's Oversight Board come from various countries and include jurists, human rights activists, journalists, a Nobel Peace laureate and a former Danish prime minister.

The panel is reviewing tens of thousands of cases, including Facebook's decision banning former US president Donald Trump.

In one ruling issued Tuesday, the panel upheld Facebook's decision to remove a video posted by someone in the Netherlands showing a young child meeting adults with their faces painted black, dressed to portray "Zwarte Piet," or Black Pete, a folklore personality known in the region as a companion of Saint Nicholas.

"The Oversight Board upheld Facebook's decision after a majority found sufficient evidence of harm to justify the removal," the board said, noting that the images are linked to "racist stereotypes." 

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