The presidential administration’s efforts to develop the vocational education system have been meet with a wide range of challenges related to costs, quality of educators and industry appreciation toward vocational diplomas. Similar issues first arose when President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo issued a 2016 presidential instruction to revive vocational education, said Patdono Suwignjo, director general of science, technology and higher education institutions at the Research, Technology and Higher Education Ministry. He said it would take a long time for there to be as many polytechnic schools as there are universities across the country. The ministry only sees two or three new applications for polytechnic schools per year, even after it stopped granting new university applications in 2017. “If we keep at this pace, we’ll need 800 years to add another ...

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