A new breed of cooks has shaken up the Istanbul food scene with an innovative approach to Turkish cooking, while others are on a mission to show there is more to the nation's cuisine than the perhaps notorious, doner kebab.

For many outside the country, Turkish food brings to mind images of pitta bread stuffed with shavings of meat roasted on a vertical spit, usually consumed after a heavy night of drinking. 

The doner was brought to western Europe by the Turkish diaspora, especially those in Germany where additions like salad and mayonnaise have made it a heavier meal than in Turkey. 

But did you ever try karniyarik, a dish of split aubergines with a meat filling, or cilbir -- poached eggs in garlic yoghurt?

Ever heard of tulum, a traditional cheese ripened in a goat's skin, or a dessert called cezerye -- caramelised carrot with coconut? 

"Turkish cuisine is largely known abroad through doner and kebab," says Defne Ertan Tuysuzoglu, Turkey director of Le Cordon Bleu, an international culinary academy, which started in Paris and now has campuses all over the world. 

"Turkish cuisine is not well known," agrees Aylin Yazicioglu, executive chef at Istanbul's Nicole Restaurant. "The food that comes to mind when people talk about Turkey is, unfortunately, all bad examples. 

"We see this changing slowly. We'll do our best to change it."

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- 'Rustic and different'  -

At Nicole, diners are offered a multicourse tasting menu of local products aimed at showing off the best that Turkish cuisine has to offer. 

"I believe that in a world geared towards the 'local', we've started to understand the value of our cuisine. We've started to realise the value of our products," says Yazicioglu. 

"In our country, everything is available throughout the four seasons."

Turkish food, she says, has much to offer and needs to promote its greatest assets, such as olive oil. 

But to truly change perceptions, more work is required. 

"I can say there's been a movement but it would be very strong to talk about a revolution. The conditions are not yet ripe for a revolution," she says. 

Arnaud De Clercq, who has taught at the Istanbul branch of Le Cordon Bleu for the past two years and has worked in Michelin star restaurants in France, described Turkish cuisine as "very rustic" with its focus on sauces, ragouts and stews. 

"It is close to the traditional French cuisine: beef bourguignon, veal blanquette, lamb navarin -- all this you can find here, but a bit different."

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- Ottoman appetizers -

He singled out Turkish meze, the selection of small dishes served as an appetizer at the start of a meal. 

"When the Ottoman Empire expanded, it also spread its kitchen," he said. 

"You can find Turkish meze in all regions, in all countries and each country adapted it to its own taste, like in Lebanon, in Syria or in Jordan."

Turkish chef Serkan Bozkurt from the Chef's Table Culinary Academy, an Istanbul-based cooking school, said perceptions about Turkish cuisine were changing.

Today, he said, Turkish restaurants and cafes were blossoming in Europe, with chains like the bakery Simit Sarayi and the Kahve Dunyasi coffee shop opening up in London and other places. 

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- Cheese-lovers' paradise  -

Despite the somewhat limited perception of Turkish food overseas, the cuisine has a wide variety of regional differences, with specialities from the western Aegean differing sharply from those in the eastern Black Sea region.

Antakya in the southeast has a rich culinary heritage inspired by Aleppo in Syria, while specialities on the Black Sea include dishes such as muhlama, an unusual fondue made with cornflour, butter and cheese.

In a huge country, which spans 784,000 square kilometres (300,000 square miles) -- an area bigger than Germany, Poland and Austria together -- the cooking styles are very varied, from the herbs and vegetables used in the Aegean, to the meat-dominated specialities of the east, Bozkurt said.

Its cheeses alone are likely to impress -- Turkey has dozens of varieties, which differ sharply from region to region, he said.

"I always say if a week-long cheese tour was organised in Turkey with trips to its seven regions, people would get dizzy!"

"Turkish cuisine is not confined to meat and kebab," he said. 

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