Tim Cook of Apple, Jeff Bezos of Amazon, Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook and Sundar Pichai of Google appeared jointly by video before the House of Representatives subcommittee conducting an investigation into market dominance.

Democratic lawmakers questioned the vast market power of the companies while Republicans accused Facebook and Google in particular of stifling conservative voices.

"Simply put, they have too much power," said Representative David Cicilline, a Democrat from Rhode Island who chairs the panel which has been conducting a year-long investigation into the business practices of the four companies.

"This power staves off new forms of competition, creativity, and innovation," Cicilline said. "The dominant platforms have wielded their power in destructive, harmful ways in order to expand."

While the hearing was called to focus on whether the companies have abused their dominant positions in the market, violating antitrust laws, it veered quickly into the hot topic of political bias.

"I'll just cut to the chase -- big tech is out to get conservatives," said Representative Jim Jordan, a Republican from Ohio. "That's not a suspicion. That's not a hunch. That's a fact."

Republican Gregory Steube of Florida disputed Google's removal of a video promoting the unproven COVID-19 treatment  hydroxychloroquine, saying it was seeking "to silence physicians in their opinion."

Trump weighs in 

President Donald Trump, who has accused Facebook and Twitter of censoring his remarks and being biased against conservatives, weighed in with a tweet shortly before the hearing began.

"If Congress doesn't bring fairness to Big Tech, which they should have done years ago, I will do it myself with Executive Orders," Trump said. "In Washington, it has been ALL TALK and NO ACTION for years, and the people of our Country are sick and tired of it!"

Facebook's Zuckerberg and Google's Pichai pushed back against claims that their platforms filtered out conservative views.

"Our goal is to offer a platform for all ideas," Zuckerberg said. "We want to give everyone in the world a voice."

"We approach our work in a non-partisan way," said Pichai. "We'll continue to conduct ourselves in a neutral way."

Abusing platforms? 

Apple's Cook faced tough questioning over the market power of the company's App Store and its treatment of developers.

"We treat all app developers the same," Cook said. "We do not retaliate or bully people."

Some lawmakers sought to play down the competitive harms of the companies, which have also won praise for innovating and introducing new technologies.

"Being big is not inherently bad," said Jim Sensenbrenner, a Republican from Wisconsin. "Quite the opposite, in America you should be rewarded for success."

Cicilline, the panel chairman, expressed concern that the firms would emerge even stronger from the coronavirus outbreak.

"Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, these corporations already stood out as titans in our economy," he said. "In the wake of COVID-19, however, they are likely to emerge stronger and more powerful than ever before."

Bezos, in his first appearance before a congressional committee, defended Amazon's dealings with third-party sellers after a blistering attack from Cicilline.

"Isn't it true that small businesses have no real option but rely on Amazon to connect with customers to make online sales?" the committee chair asked.

"We've heard from third party sellers again and again during the course of our investigation that Amazon is the only game in town."

Bezos disputed the characterization while adding, "There are a lot of options for small firms..  I think we are the best one.

The CEOs, in their prepared comments, highlighted their American roots and values.

"I walked away from a steady job into a Seattle garage to found my startup, fully understanding that it might not work," said Bezos, the world's richest person.

Zuckerberg called Facebook a "proudly American company" and added that "our story would not have been possible without US laws that encourage competition and innovation."

Cook described Apple as "a uniquely American company whose success is only possible in this country," and that the California giant is "motivated by the mission to put things into the world that enrich people's lives."

The hearing takes place against a backdrop of antitrust investigations in the United States, Europe and elsewhere.

Current US antitrust laws make it difficult for enforcers to target companies simply for being large or dominant without also showing harm to consumers or abuse of market power.

The committee, however, could lay a blueprint for antitrust in the digital era that would require a fundamental rewrite of the century-old competition rules.

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