The accord's text was concluded in April after three years of tense negotiations. 

Its adoption would be a success for the World Health Organization as it tries to balance drastic budget cuts against its duty to respond to numerous health crises across the globe.

The WHO Pandemic Agreement aims to prevent in the future the sort of disjointed response and international disarray that surrounded the Covid-19 crisis, by improving global coordination and surveillance of pandemics, and access to vaccines.

The agreement's approval in committee format on Monday paves the way for its formal adoption by the full World Health Assembly, which serves as the WHO's decision-making body.

The chair of the committee, Namibian Health Minister Esperance Luvindao, announced that it had adopted the resolution by 124 votes, with none against. Eleven countries abstained, including Iran, Israel, Italy, Poland and Russia.

WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said afterwards it was a step towards governments around the world working together to address "the threats posed by pathogens and viruses of pandemic potential".

He said the accord would ensure countries work better, faster and more equitably together "to prevent and respond to the next pandemic threat".

Budget cloud

The United States pulled out of the negotiations towards the pandemic agreement after US President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw his country from the WHO, a process that takes one year to complete.

"In a time of growing geopolitical tensions and seismic changes, this agreement is proof that the world is still together," said Precious Matoso of South Africa.

The assembly, which runs until May 27, opened Monday under a budget cloud darkened by the US decision to not pay its WHO membership dues.

The issue – which threatens to slash the UN agency's staff numbers and operations – is the somber backdrop to the assembly, which has to grapple with a US$1.7 billion gap in the WHO's 2026-2027 spending plans.

The financing woes and Washington's freeze on international aid, were foremost on delegates' minds.

The United States was absent from the gathering, as was Argentina.

Trump's administration is refusing to pay agreed-upon WHO membership fees for 2024 and 2025, while suspending virtually all US foreign aid, including significant support for health projects worldwide.

The decision has spurred belt-tightening at the Geneva-based agency, which is hoping to cut salary-related expenses by 25 percent and is exploring outsourcing to cheaper cities.

During the week, the assembly will have to decide whether to increase WHO membership fees by 20 percent. In 2022, they had already agreed to increase membership fees in stages, to 50 percent of a budget currently reliant more on voluntary donations from nations.

The WHO has already trimmed its 2026-2027 budget from $5.3 billion to $4.2 billion. But even so, Tedros warned the agency needs to find $1.7 billion to get there.