The sharp increase in imports was a reflection of businesses and consumers stockpiling foreign goods to get ahead of Trump's sweeping trade levies, which went into effect earlier this month.

All three major Wall Street indices fell on the economic news, before paring losses to close mixed, while oil prices extended their losses.

At a cabinet meeting in Washington, Trump insisted the growth downturn was the legacy of former president Joe Biden's policies.

"That's Biden, that's not Trump," he said.

Striking a more positive tone, he highlighted the "whopping" 22 percent rise in gross domestic investment during the first quarter. 

Annual economic growth stayed above two percent in every year of Biden's presidency, reaching 2.8 percent in 2024. 

The gross domestic product (GDP) of the world's largest economy decreased at an annual rate of 0.3 percent in the first quarter, after growing 2.4 percent in the final months of 2024, according to Wednesday's first estimate from the US Commerce Department.

This was sharply below the market consensus estimate of 0.4 percent growth, according to Briefing.com, and marked the first quarterly contraction since 2022.

The Commerce Department said in a statement that the contraction was in large part down to an "upturn in imports," aided by a decline in consumer and government spending. 

In a statement, the White House called GDP a "backward-looking indicator."

"It's no surprise the leftovers of Biden's economic disaster have been a drag on economic growth," White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said.

"But the underlying numbers tell the real story of the strong momentum President Trump is delivering."

The GDP figures were published on the 101st day since Trump returned to White House, along with fresh data showing a slowdown in the US Federal Reserve's favored inflation gauge last month. 

Trump's introduction of sweeping tariffs against most countries sparked a selloff in financial markets, sending volatility to levels not seen since the Covid pandemic.

"This decline in GDP is a blaring warning to everyone that Donald Trump and Congressional Republicans' failed MAGA experiment is killing our economy," top Senate Democrat Chuck Schumer said in a statement.

Following the dramatic market movements in early April, the Trump administration announced a 90-day pause on the higher tariffs for dozens of countries to allow for trade talks, while maintaining a baseline 10 percent rate for most countries.

But the administration has also added to the tariffs on China, with the level of duties introduced since January now totaling 145 percent -- with some sector-specific measures pushing levies even higher. 

Beijing has responded with its own steep, targeted measures against US goods.

At the cabinet meeting on Wednesday, Trump said China was getting "hammered" by the tariffs, and said he still hoped to make a deal with Beijing, whom he referred to as "the leading candidate for the chief ripper-offer" of America. 

"Maybe the children will have two dolls instead of 30 dolls," Trump said, arguing that the United States did not need many of the things China produced.

"And maybe the two dolls will cost a couple of bucks more than they would normally," he said.

Economists at Wells Fargo wrote in an investor note that the US economy is at a greater risk of recession now than a month ago, "but this 0.3 percent contraction in Q1 GDP is not the start of one."

"It reflects instead the sudden change in trade policy that culminated in the biggest drag from net exports in data going back more than a half-century."