In Beijing, a spokesman for China's foreign ministry dismissed the accusation on Wednesday as "nothing short of absurdity" and lacking any factual or legal basis.

The civil lawsuit, filed in federal court by Missouri Attorney General Eric Schmitt, alleges negligence, among other claims. It says Missouri and its residents suffered possibly tens of billions of dollars in economic damages, and seeks cash compensation.

"The Chinese government lied to the world about the danger and contagious nature of COVID-19, silenced whistleblowers, and did little to stop the spread of the disease," Schmitt, a Republican, said in a statement.

"They must be held accountable for their actions.”

The lawsuit also accuses the Chinese government of making the pandemic worse by "hoarding" masks and other personal protective equipment (PPE).

US President Donald Trump, also a Republican, initially lavished praise on China and his counterpart Xi Jinping for the official response to the outbreak, which has since spread worldwide to infect more than 2.5 million people.

But he and other senior US officials have also referred to it as the "Chinese virus" and in recent days have ramped up their rhetoric.

China is already facing similar lawsuits filed in US courts on behalf of US business owners.

International law experts told Reuters that efforts in US courts to hold China liable for the virus would probably fail.

A legal doctrine called sovereign immunity offers foreign governments broad protection from being sued in US courts, said Tom Ginsburg, a professor of international law at the University of Chicago.

Ginsburg said he thought the recent flurry of lawsuits against China serves a political end for Republican leaders facing an election in November.

"We are seeing a lot of people on the political right focus on the China issue to cover up for the US government's own errors," Ginsburg said.

Trump initially downplayed the seriousness of the virus, which has killed more than 43,000 people in the United States, out of nearly 800,000 infections, by Tuesday.

It has also forced state governors to declare stay-at-home orders that have shuttered businesses and social activities, leading a record 22 million people to seek unemployment benefits in the past month.

"If the United States wants to bring claims against China, it will have to do so in an international forum," said Chimène Keitner, an international law professor at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco.

"There is no civil jurisdiction over such claims in US courts."

In Beijing, foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang also said China's response was not under the jurisdiction of US courts, adding that it had provided updates on the outbreak to the United States since Jan. 3.

"Such abuse of litigation is not conducive to the epidemic response at home in the United States and also runs counter to international cooperation," Geng told a daily briefing on Wednesday, speaking about Missouri's move.

"What the United States should do is refute and reject such abuse of litigation."