"Playing one against another; calling others infidels. Moreover, there was campaign to not provide proper burial rites to Muslims on the basis of voting preferences. How did that come about? Ndeso," Kaesang says in the video, which some have said was hate speech.

Donny Satryowibowo, a member of the University of Indonesia’s Javanese language Faculty of Linguistic’s alumni association, told Antara news agency that the connotation of ndeso was "outdated" or "unpopular." Meanwhile, its denotative meaning is "untrendy physical appearance."  

Read also: Kaesang criticizes viral video of children chanting 'hate speech', calls for tolerance

Donny added that ndeso was a commonly used between close friends while joking. However, the word does not imply anger or hate.

In regards to Kaesang’s case, Donny said Kaesang probably used the term as he was speaking to the public as a friend.

“In the video, Kaesang shares footage of kids being taught to kill and people told not to pray for the dead, [then he says] ndeso. Here, ndeso means the outdated way of thinking. In a pluralistic country, why people teach kids to kill is very ndeso,’” he said.

Donny stressed that using the word ndeso should not be considered hate speed. (jes/kes)

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