Movie stars from Leonardo DiCaprio to Juliette Binoche have made environmental campaigning a central part of their image in recent years, fronting movies about climate change and using their soap boxes to call for action.

Keen to show support, the organisers of Cannes, which runs from July 6 to 17, have said the environmental "emergency is at the heart of its concerns" this year. 

They have banned plastic bottles, deployed a fleet of electric cars, and organised a special programme of climate-focused films. 

Perhaps most symbolic of all, the festival is cutting the volume of its red carpet by 50 percent, and making it from recycled materials rather than the usual PVC. 

But the film industry, with its non-stop, continent-skipping circus of premieres and parties, is far from getting any gold stars from Greta. 

DiCaprio, for instance, famously pulled off an 8,000-mile round trip in a private jet in 2016 to pick up an environmental award. 

Cannes finds itself in an awkward position -- hosting movies about climate change followed by massive parties that generate tonnes of waste and relying heavily on people flying in from all over the world. 

This year, it hopes to offset some of that carbon footprint with a 20-euro contribution from each participant to be disbursed by "a scientific committee of experts". 

But the organisers admit film festivals are "an environmental challenge" that cannot be addressed overnight. 

'Epochal change'

"There is a monstrous job to do" but the efforts are "very encouraging," said French filmmaker and activist Cyril Dion. 

He is showing his new documentary Animal, about the threat to global biodiversity, as part of the environmental programme this year. 

The festival "is sending a signal that all the others should follow," he said. "These measures reflect an epochal change for cinema."

There are signs of change elsewhere in the industry. The Berlin Film Festival's red carpet is made from recycled fishing nets.

In France more broadly, film subsidies will be conditional on sustainability commitments from 2024.

But with the signs of crisis mounting, is it still acceptable to gather people from around the globe for a festival? 

"There is really a change of mindset," said Carole Scotta, head of French production firm Haut et Court and a leading voice in the climate debate. 

"But it's complicated for Cannes, which has to maintain a certain amount of festivity as the leading festival in the world," she said. "We can't show up in flip-flops."

From Cannes to Venice to Sundance to Berlin, Scotta recognises that the merry-go-round of festivals is "not good for the planet", while the pandemic has shown that digital alternatives are possible. 

The film industry has a certain "schizophrenia" on the issue, said Simon Valensi, of The Shift Project, a French think-tank pushing for a post-carbon economy.

"If we want to respect the Paris climate accords on carbon neutrality by 2050, sooner or later the emissions created by big festivals will have to be put in question," Valensi said.

But he added that despite the modest scale of the efforts so far, "it's already a major revolution that the festival is thinking about its economic impact."

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