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The blue transformation toward Golden Indonesia 2045
Developing Indonesia's multibillion-dollar blue economy in an inclusive and sustainable manner will significantly contribute to both GNI and GDP growth toward achieving the Golden Indonesia 2045 vision.
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Mangroves are the backbone of the brackish water aquaculture industry, worth US$3.2 billion per year, on which 2 million coastal communities across Indonesia directly depended for their livelihood in 2015, according to the Marine Affairs and Fisheries Ministry. (Shutterstock/*)
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ince achieving independence on Aug. 17, 1945, Indonesia has been enjoying significant improvements in almost all aspects of human life, from food security to health, education and infrastructure to people’s prosperity.
Over that period, the country’s poverty rate has declined from 75 percent in 1950 to 60 percent in 1970 and then to 9.57 percent last year (Statistics Indonesia/BPS, 2022). However, after 78 years of independence, Indonesia remains an upper middle-income country with gross national income (GNI) per capita of US$4,580.
According to the World Bank (2022), the GNI per capita of upper middle-income countries range from $4,466 to $13,845.
It was therefore timely that President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo coined his admirable vision of Golden Indonesia 2045 on Aug. 16, 2019, during a House of Representatives plenary session.
Under the National Development Planning Agency’s 2025-2045 National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJN), which President Jokowi launched on June 15, 2023, the Golden Indonesia 2045 envisions Indonesia becoming a developed, prosperous, sovereign and sustainable archipelagic nation by its centenary. The country is to become the world’s fifth largest economy with gross domestic product (GDP) of around $7 trillion and GNI per capita of $30,300.
Indonesia has every reason to achieve the Golden Indonesia 2045 vision, thanks to its rich natural resources in both its land and seas. This means the country’s production capacity is indeed gigantic.
In the meantime, Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world with 278 million people and is set to experience a demographic dividend from 2020 to 2035, which will provide huge domestic market potential and a young, productive workforce.
