The vision and mission of the “Indonesia Science and Technology Statement 2005-2025” sets out a common vision for improving Indonesia’s global competitiveness and fostering its transition to a knowledge-based economy. The emphasis on competitiveness is essential. According to the Global Competitiveness Index by the World Economic Forum, Indonesia had a score of 64.9 points and was ranked 45th in 2018. Neighboring countries like Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand were placed higher in second (83.5 points), 25th (74.4 points) and 38th (67.5 points). The government can try to develop its science, technology and innovation by focusing on three main problems: a lack of digital infrastructure, low quality human resources and lack of coordination between the private sector, government and academia. By focusing on these primary issues, it can pay more attention to specific eff...

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