President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo said on Thursday he had congratulated Defence Minister Prabowo Subianto after unofficial counts showed the ex-special forces commander winning this week's presidential election in a single round of voting.

"I have, in person last night," Jokowi told reporters when asked if he had congratulated Prabowo and his running mate. 

Prabowo's running mate is Jokowi's eldest son, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, who is set to be the youngest vice president in Indonesia's history. 

Prabowo, 72, declared a "victory for all Indonesians" before jubilant supporters late on Wednesday, after so-called quick ballot counts by independent pollsters - accurate in past elections - showed he had won nearly 60 percent of votes. 

Indonesian markets cheered the clear-cut count and rallied on Prabowo's promise to follow Jokowi's policies in the country. The country's stock market rose as much as 2.2 percent, while the rupiah strengthened 0.3 percent to its strongest in a month before paring back gains.

Spokespersons for Prabowo's rivals, ex-governors Anies Baswedan and Ganjar Pranowo, who trailed at least 33 points behind in quick counts, have said they would probe allegations of "systematic and massive fraud", but have not provided evidence.

Second-place rival Anies, who got 25 percent of the vote, has said his team would wait for the official results and respect the people's decision. 

Independent analysts have said there were no signs of systematic electoral fraud.

The US State Department said the election was "a testament to the durability and strength of the Indonesian people's commitment to the democratic process and electoral institutions".

A preliminary tally by the General Election Commission with about 40 percent of votes counted put Prabowo in the lead with around 56 percent. It is expected to announce official results by March 20 and, if confirmed, the new president and vice president will take office in October. Jokowi did not explicitly endorse any candidate, but the days leading up to the vote were marred by protests against him.

He was criticised for alleged political interference after making highly publicised appearances with Prabowo, and after a last-minute court ruling tweaked eligibility criteria, enabling his son to join the leading ticket. 

Jokowi and his allies have denied he meddled.

Prabowo has pledged to continue Jokowi's efforts to position the resource-rich G20 economy as an electric-vehicle hub, extend a massive infrastructure and social assistance push, and create millions of jobs. 

Prabowo has long been dogged by accusations of past misdeeds including involvement in the kidnapping of student activists in 1998 and human rights abuses in Papua and East Timor.

The allegations are unproven, and he has always denied any responsibility.

Rights groups have also said he needed to be transparent about his history.

"That goes for both current rights issues as well as accountability and justice for what happened in the past," said Phil Robertson, Asia deputy director of Human Rights Watch.

Prabowo's sweeping win was also criticised on local and social media.

On X, formerly known as Twitter, the hashtag #RIPDemokrasi trended overnight with tens of thousands of posts after Prabowo declared victory.

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