The vote will decide not only who leads Turkey, a NATO-member country of 85 million, but also how it is governed, where its economy is headed amid a deep cost of living crisis, and the shape of its foreign policy, which has taken unpredictable turns.

As global hunger swiftly rises - by more than a third last year - curbing it will require not growing more food but rethinking broader systems of trade and aid, farming's heavy reliance on fossil fuels, food waste and meat eating, experts said.

Tunisia and Egypt are edging closer to major debt crises that could suck in a volatile North Africa region and pose tough choices to wealthy Gulf Arab neighbours, investors and analysts warn.

Envoys of Sudan's paramilitary forces will attend talks with the army scheduled for Saturday in Jeddah, their leader said, as the gathering's international mediators pressed for an end to a conflict that has devastated the country.

Sudan's warring parties were to hold talks on Saturday in the Saudi city of Jeddah, international mediators said, as they pressed for an end to a conflict that has killed hundreds and sent around 100,000 fleeing abroad.

"This weekend I will be in Saudi Arabia for meetings with its leadership," Jake Sullivan said in a speech to the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, a think tank in Washington. 

"We want to support the African Union getting a seat in the G20," Chancellor Olaf Scholz told reporters in a statement broadcast on news channel NTV.

The United Nations pressed Sudan's warring factions on Wednesday to guarantee safe passage of humanitarian aid after six trucks were looted and air strikes in the capital undermined a supposed truce.

Most Indonesians in Sudan were students studying Islam, as Sudan is one of the popular spots to study Islam besides Egypt and Saudi Arabia, with Sudan’s religious schools well known for their recitations of the Quran.

UN aid chief Martin Griffiths said on Wednesday he was working on obtaining commitments by the warring parties in Sudan to protecting humanitarian assistance to ensure it can be delivered to those in need.

A total of 829 Indonesians have returned home from conflict-hit Sudan to Indonesia via Jeddah in Saudi Arabia.

Along with the departed football crowds, thousands of foreign workers left the Gulf state after Lionel Messi lifted the coveted trophy on December 18. Many of those who stayed on are counting the cost.

Saudi Arabia is temporarily hosting Indonesian nationals fleeing from Sudan, at 560 people as of Thursday, said Saudi ambassador Faisal Abdullah Al Amudi in Jakarta, as Indonesia prepares to airlift them back home.

Multiple nations have scrambled to evacuate embassy staff and citizens by road, air and sea from Sudan, where fighting between the army and paramilitaries has killed hundreds and led to acute shortages of water, food, medicines and fuel.

Indonesia has safely evacuated or accounted for the 937 of its citizens known to have been in Khartoum at the start of Sudan’s ongoing armed conflict, the Foreign Ministry said on Wednesday, noting that no Indonesian fatalities had been recorded.

The first period of ceasefire saw dozens of foreign countries, including Indonesia, taking advantage by doing the bulk of their evacuation efforts.

Two rounds of evacuations to repatriate some 1200 Indonesian nationals residing in violence-stricken Sudan continues, with the Indonesian Military (TNI) now involved in the efforts. 

The eruption of fighting eight days ago between the army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) paramilitary group has triggered a humanitarian crisis.

United States troops evacuated embassy staff from Sudan's capital, President Joe Biden announced Sunday, as other nations sought to help their citizens escape deadly fighting between rival generals.

Street fighting between the forces of two rival generals eased in parts of Sudan's capital by Friday evening, witnesses reported, after repeated calls for an end-of-Ramadan ceasefire to the nearly week-long conflict.

A conflict raging in Sudan is rattling neighbouring countries and worrying the United States and others for reasons ranging from concern about shared Nile waters and oil pipelines to the shape of a new government and a new humanitarian crisis in the making.

The Sudan capital Khartoum was rocked by bombing and artillery shelling on Friday, despite reports that warring forces had welcomed a proposal for a truce during the Muslim holiday of Idul Fitri.

In some countries, including Indonesia and Malaysia, authorities have said the holiday will start on Saturday.

The countries said in a joint statement the leaders had discussed a range of subjects including trade, technology, defense, aviation and food security.

The government and some of the country’s largest Muslim organizations have responded to the violence inflicted by Israeli security forces at Jerusalem’s Al-Aqsa Mosque, expressing “strong condemnation” accompanied by loud calls to the United Nations to implement sanctions.

The strikes were launched around 4:30 am Israeli time, hitting both the Gaza Strip and southern Lebanon, according to an Israeli army statement.

The public’s consistently strong stance against Israel, as evidenced by the recent removal of Indonesia as host of the U-20 FIFA World Cup, was an indication that a formal tie between the two states was a nearly impossible prospect, experts said.

Indonesia issued a strong condemnation of Israel’s plan to rebuild over 1,000 housing units of settlements in occupied Palestinian territories, reiterating that such settlements were illegal and a violation of international law.

Beijing brokered an agreement between Tehran and Riyadh on March 10 to restore diplomatic ties following a seven-year freeze.

Amid growing public discontent over an Israeli team in the upcoming U-20 World Cup hosted in Indonesia, the government has taken to Twitter to condemn an Israeli minister who stated that the Palestinian people did not exist.