How does one determine that an election is free and fair? There are many international guidelines that provide an answer. One example is the Dili Indicators of Democratic Elections of the Asian Network for Free Elections (Anfrel).

The five indicators of nations with free and fair elections are: they have an overall legal framework that provides universal suffrage and guarantees basic freedom; a level playing field; a professional electoral management body; inclusive and meaningful citizen participation; and mechanisms to ensure effective, efficient and impartial electoral justice and electoral dispute resolution.

We have been observing foreign elections for around 10 years across nine countries, and we would like to share some of our experience that has led us to conclude that Indonesia’s April 17 general election was indeed free and fair.

One positive fact is the high voter turnout of over 80 percent, even higher compared to the 70 percent voter turnout in the 2014 general election. Overseas voter turnout also increased with 65 percent compared to the previous 22 percent.

The higher the turnout, the stronger the election result is justified, since voting is not compulsory in Indonesia as it is in Australia. Many countries in Europe are facing a decline in voter turnout. More people participating also gives less room for fraud.

Higher participation is positive if it is inclusive and meaningful. In Indonesia, people participate with full awareness, as they can discuss any candidate or political party contesting the elections without fear.

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