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COP26: Parties zero in on transparency to deepen mutual trust
From Oct. 31 to Nov. 13, delegates from the Republic of Indonesia engaged in high-level negotiations at the Glasgow climate conference.
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rom Oct. 31 to Nov. 13, delegates from the Republic of Indonesia engaged in high-level negotiations at the Glasgow climate conference. The resulting decisions would be crucial in informing policymakers in Indonesia as they seek to address climate change.
On Dec 6, the Environment and Forestry Ministry invited multiple governmental stakeholders and the media to present and discuss the Glasgow Climate Change Conference results. Each delegate team was present to showcase their findings from the negotiations and follow-up strategy designs in each sector.
Aside from the Glasgow Climate Pact as a cover decision together with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP) 26, Kyoto Protocol Conference of the Parties (CMP) 16 and the Paris Agreement Conference of the Parties (CMA) 3, there were also other accords related to the completion of the Paris Agreement. They included the Article 6 Paris Agreement, the Common Time Frame for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), the Enhanced Transparency Framework for Action and Support and the Public Registry for NDC and adaptation.
However, policymakers will need to revisit the Glasgow Climate Pact as proposed by the President through FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/L.16. The cover decision focuses on implementation, starting with initiating a global stock take as a form of commitment to a process that is more comprehensive, inclusive and consistent within the guidelines set by Article 14 of the Paris Agreement.
An important part of the cover decision is the enforcement of the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) in compliance with Article 13 of the Paris Agreement. The Enhanced Transparency Framework is a bold step by the Glasgow Conference to deepen mutual trust and understanding between developing countries and developed countries as they build cooperatives together within the determined timeframes, including addressing methodological issues related to the ETF for action and support. The ETF builds on and enhances the current measurement, verification and reporting that will support the global stock take in 2030 through the Biennial Transparency Report (BTR). It is expected that through reporting, developing countries can get access to finance, capacity building and technology transfer to implement the Paris Agreement.
The Glasgow Climate Pact also acknowledges the calls and suggestions by developing countries for the implementation of the ETF in a timely, effective and adequate manner.
The aforementioned methodological problems resulted in outlining the ETF, particularly regarding implementation. The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) made adjustments on methods of reporting national inventories, progress tracking and information on financial, technology development and transfer and capacity-building support provided and mobilized, as well as support needed and received, among other things. The SBSTA also agreed to consider the above results to ensure that CMA3 will address the existing problems.
CMA3 ultimately yielded FCCC/PA/2021/L.21 Agenda Item 5 that sought to refine policies on ETF action and support. It also aimed to spur Party countries to prepare for reporting through biennial transparency reports and national inventory documents. On a voluntary basis, they may use the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventory.
CMA3 also supports the Green European Foundation’s initiative for financial support to developing countries in preparation for the first and following BTR. Developing countries will also receive funding from Global Environment Facility (GEF) to assemble and report their BTR.
The transparency and global stock take findings also encompass modalities and procedures for the operation of the Public Registry. The Secretariat attempted to develop a Public Registry as guided by Chapter 4 and Chapter 7, Article 12 of the Paris Agreement.
After considering and amending the proposed prototype, Parties concluded that it would function as a public registry. The Secretariat will further work with Parties for verification and implementation to ensure it is ready to use on June 1, 2022.
Indonesia’s team for Enhanced Transparency Network and Global Stock Take then devised follow-up strategies on national and international levels.
At the national level, there were plans to strengthen policies and institutions in the field of climate change, strengthen the online reporting system through Sistem Inventory Gas Rumah Kaca Nasional (SIGN-SMART) and Sistem Registri Nasional (SRN), synergize with relevant ministries and NPS, promote capacity-building for Party Stakeholders (PS) and Non-Party Stakeholders (NPS) through the Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) program from 2022-2025, and prepare reports for the Global Stock Take compliance, which will include improving the Report Tier, developing institutional arrangements and identifying sources for data input sources.
The team also proposed to sustain bilateral and multilateral cooperatives for financial support, capacity-building and technology transfer. Meanwhile, mutual learning for ETF implementation has already been underway with the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) of Mongolia.
Finally, Indonesia is expecting support from international bodies and the Secretariat in improving reports and technological assessments through capacity enhancement.
