While more than a dozen countries have introduced gender-neutral travel documents, some non-binary and transgender people are reluctant to use them because they fear facing discrimination or bureaucratic hurdles when traveling abroad.

"I have yet to go and get my master's degree and hopefully travel through the world, and that's not something I think I can do [...] if I have an 'X' on my passport. At least I can't do it really safely," said Proppe, 23, who studies astrophysics.

"I plan on getting the marker when I'm older and when the world is hopefully more generally friendlier towards non-binary people," the student added.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights campaigners have applauded moves by governments from Iceland to the United States to issue gender-neutral passports amid growing awareness and acceptance of diverse gender identities and intersex people.

Fulfilling a campaign promise by United States President Joe Biden, the US issued its first "X" passport last year to Dana Zzyym, who is non-binary and intersex – born with atypical sex characteristics.

It joined nations including Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan and India in offering "X" or other third gender options.

But several trans and non-binary people in countries that allow them to have a gender-neutral passport said they worried the designation could draw unwanted attention from immigration officials, or make it difficult to book air tickets.

"For a lot of trans people, and definitely including me, people look at me and they see difference, and so then that means I need to have extra security checks," said Alex, a trans New Zealander who uses they/them pronouns.

"I didn't want to put 'X' on my passport because I thought that might also add to people thinking there's something different happening with me and security-checking me extra," Alex, asking to use a pseudonym, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation by phone from Wellington.

New Zealand has issued passports with "-" in the gender field from as early as 1982, when one was granted to Carmen Rupe, a drag performer and trans rights activist, according to a government spokesperson.

This was changed to an "X" in 2005, and seven years later the country scrapped medical and legal requirements, issuing the passports to anyone who made a statutory declaration.

Employment prospects

In South Asia, a major source of migrant labor to the Gulf, some trans and non-binary people fear a gender-neutral passport could stop them from being able to go to the socially conservative region for work, campaigners said.

"This is a painful situation," said Pinky Gurung of Nepalese gay rights group Blue Diamond Society, which gives travel advice and assistance to LGBT migrant workers.

Nepal issues identity documents marked with an "O" for "other", an umbrella category for LGBT and intersex people.

Similarly in India, most official documents, including passports and the national identity card Aadhaar, offer three gender markers: male, female and transgender, with the letter "T" on passports.

The "T" covers non-binary, intersex and trans people, including hijras, a trans community who are known as khwaja siras in neighboring Pakistan and have a long history in South Asia.

Having their identities officially recognized in India and Pakistan was seen by many hijra and khwaja sira campaigners as a crucial victory, but not all are in a hurry to adopt the third gender designation.

Pakistani trans activist Zehrish Khanzadi has kept "M" on her passport and ID card.

"That would mean I will have to get my school and college certificates and everything else changed, too," said Khanzadi, adding that third gender documents might make it impossible for her go to Saudi Arabia for the annual haj pilgrimage.

Saudi Arabia's embassy in Pakistan did not reply to a request for comment.

Olivia Hunt of the National Center for Transgender Equality, a US trans rights advocacy group, acknowledged both the importance and potential pitfalls of gender-neutral IDs and passports.

"[It] can be a powerful statement of identity [...] [but] you do have to balance the risk versus the reward," Hunt said.

'Bad system’ 

In response to calls for businesses to recognize diversity of gender identity, several leading airlines have also pledged to add non-binary gender options on their booking forms.

US carriers Delta, United and American Airlines, as well as British Airways and Air New Zealand, said in 2019 they would be adding alternatives to male or female for customers.

So far, only United and American Airlines have added choices beyond "M" and "F", according to a Thomson Reuters Foundation review of airline websites. Air New Zealand allows the gender-neutral title "Mx".

A Delta spokesperson said by email that it is introducing "a non-binary gender option" this year.

While such moves have been hailed as a sign of growing recognition, some LGBT activists think the ultimate goal should be the removal of gender categories from identity documents, booking forms and other travel papers.

"As time goes on, we're more and more starting to recognize bad systems and that the binary sex system doesn't really work," said Alex from New Zealand.

In India's financial hub of Mumbai, non-binary pastry chef Rubani Singh, 19, began to suffer anxiety due to the persistence of male-female security lines everywhere from malls and cinemas to airports.

"They ask you for [your gender] for no reason at all when it doesn't even matter," Singh said.

"What are the airlines going to do by knowing your gender? There is no reason to it. But it's still there and you are forced to choose."

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