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View all search resultsThis is a disclaimer. If you are looking to find any justification to equate the calls to end Perda Ramadhan, the regional bylaw enforced to maintain solemnity during the fasting month, to an Islamophobic act, you can stop reading now. Far from associating the calls to end Perda Ramadhan as Islamophobia, I argue that the so-called Perda Ramadhan shares the same ideological platform with several Islamophobic socio-political discourses in Europe and the US.
Sukarno did not give a special status or position to any religion. The first principle meant that the new nation-state of Indonesia would be for all religions, as evidenced by the reduction of several words from the original phrase to avoid putting one religion over the others. It also meant that religions should be practiced in a civilized way or by a mutual respect: Adherents of one religion should respect other religions
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